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They found the skull and incomplete skeleton of a man, dating to around the fourth century. In the 1950s, Italian scientists examined the bones enshrined in the Basilica di San Nicola, seeking evidence of authenticity. Nicholas lost his feast day but his concern for children helped link him to the gift-giving tradition of another December feast day: Christmas. AP Photo/Alexander ZemlianichenkoĮven the Dutch, who rebelled against Catholic Spain and formed a Calvinist republic in 1581, somehow maintained their devotion to Sinterklass. Nicholas that were brought from an Italian church where they have lain for 930 years. Nicholas around the world: Russian Orthodox believers line up to kiss the relics of St. A few years later, Pope Urban II - the one who would preach the First Crusade – formally enshrined the relics of the saint. Nicholas gets a reputationĪ new church was built for Nicholas in the court of the governor of Bari. Yet the crew made it back to the harbor at Bari, where the townsfolk and clergy processed, singing joyous hymns, to greet the saint. Nicephorus describes how they fled to their ship, pursued by outraged priests and a howling crowd of citizens demanding that they “ give back the father who has by his protection kept us safe from visible foes.” They carefully wrapped the relics in a silk case brought for the purpose.
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They found the bones swimming in a small sea of manna. A delicious aroma filled the church as they opened the tomb. So, the Barians broke through marble floor with picks and hammers. Nicholas spoke to them: “It is my will that I leave here with you.” Suddenly, a phial of manna fell to the pavement and broke. When the priests refused, they offered gold for the relics, but the offer “was tossed aside like dung.” Done with arguing, the Barians caught and bound the priests. The Barians claimed that the pope had a vision directing him to fetch Nicholas to Italy. Priestly custodians there became suspicious when the sailors asked to see the saint’s body. The Barian sailors hastily sold off their grain and headed for Myra in search of St. In Antioch they heard a rumor that the Venetians too were planning a similar heist. However, according to a monk named Nicephorus who wrote immediately after the event, their real mission was to steal St. In 1087, three ships laden with grain set out from Bari, on Italy’s southeast coast, bound for Antioch.
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So, one crew of pious Italian Christians decided to take action. Christians feared that the Muslims who now governed Demre would disregard the saint’s tomb. This pilgrimage was disrupted in the 11th century when Seljuk Turks invaded Anatolia. Soon, pilgrims from all over Christendom were journeying to Myra to seek the gifts of protection and healing from the saint, who was said to be especially attentive to children. From there, word passed to the Latin West, and upriver to Russia. Visitors to the coastal town of Myra spread Nicholas’ fame along sea routes across the Mediterranean. This was a common pilgrimage practice at Christian shrines. Pilgrims took this manna home in little bottles or used rags to sop up the moisture that dripped from the saint’s tomb in its subterranean crypt. Proof that Nicholas was listening, they believed, was in the “manna” – holy oil or water – that dripped from the tomb. His burial place, below the floor of his church, became a popular destination for pilgrims who begged Nicholas to relay their petitions to God. He also saved three girls whose poverty-stricken father wanted to sell them into prostitution.Īfter his death, people believed that Nicholas continued to work miracles. According to the earliest document about Nicholas, from the fifth century, he prevented three loyal generals from unjust execution for treason.Ī ninth-century Greek legend claims he revived three scholars who had been murdered and stashed in a pickling tub. However, after Emperor Constantine legalized Christianity, Nicholas was elected Bishop of Myra.ĭuring his lifetime, he became famous for defending his people against imperial taxes and other forms of oppression. He studied to be a priest and spent time in prison for his beliefs. Nicholas at the Byzantine and Christian Museum of Athens. An 11th-century wall painting depicting St.